Private sector funded, with more than half from private sources. Private health insurance available through employer, government or private schemes. Millions of people in the US are not covered by health insurance (15.3% of population (45.7 million people) do not have health insurance). Federal government is largest healthcare insurer - involved in two main schemes, Medicaid and Medicare, each covering about 13% of population.
Medicare - for people 65 years old and above and some younger disabled people and those with permanent kidney failure (illness) undergoing dialysis or transplant.
Most doctors are in private practice and paid through combination of charges, discounted fees paid by private health plans, public programmes, and direct patient payments. In-patient care is provided in public and private hospitals.
UK - Universal, tax-funded system
Public sector funded by taxation and some national insurance contributions. About 11% have private health insurance. Healthcare is free at point of delivery but charges for prescription drugs (except in Wales), and also you usually have to pay for ophthalmic (optic) and dental services. Exemptions (don't have to pay) include children, elderly, and unemployed. About 85% of prescriptions are exempt. Most walk-in care provided by GP practices but also some walk-in clinics and 24-hour NHS telephone helpline. Hospitals are semi-autonomous and self-governing public trusts.
France - Social insurance system
All legal residents covered by public health insurance funded by compulsory (have to) social health insurance contributions from employers and employees with no option to opt out. Most people have extra private insurance to cover areas that are not eligible for reimbursement (that are not repaid ) by the public health insurance system and many make out of pocket payments to see a doctor. Patients pay doctor's bills and are reimbursed by sickness insurance funds (so people pay money to a doctor and then take their money back from public health insurance). Government regulates contribution rates paid to sickness funds, sets global budgets and salaries for public hospitals. In-patient care is provided in public and private hospitals (not-for-profit and for-profit). Doctors in public hospitals are salaried while those in private hospitals are paid on a fee-for-service basis. Some public hospital doctors are allowed to treat private patients in the hospital. A percentage of the private fee is payable to the hospital. Most out-patient care is delivered by doctors, dentists and medical auxiliaries (helpers) working in their own practices.
Singapore - Dual system
Dual system funded by private and public sectors. Public sector provides 80% of hospital care 20% primary care. Financed by combination of taxes, employee medical benefits, compulsory savings in the form of Medisave, insurance and out-of-pocket payments. Patients expected to pay part of their medical expenses and to pay more for higher level of service. Public sector health services are able for lower income groups who cannot afford private sector charges. In private hospitals and outpatient clinics, patients pay the amount charged by the hospitals and doctors on a fee-for-service basis.
General DATA.
b) Link to the article - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8201711.stm
c) Lets list three main questions:
What goods and services should be produced?
How should the goods and services be produced?
Who should get the goods and services?
Economic systems are the ways in which production is organized in a country.Three main economic systems : The Market Economy, The Command Economy, The Mixed Economy.
So lets think about the main point or aim of this systems - organization production. Actually questions what goods and services and how and for whom to produce are the main points in production
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